First Human Trial of Experimental Cancer-Killing Virus Underway

The CF33-hNIS virus (referred to as Vaxinia) is an oncolytic virus, a genetically-engineered variety that habitually targets cancer cells while ignoring healthy cells. But beyond infecting and killing cancer cells, Vaxinia works overtime by delivering specially-engineered white blood cells, known as CAR T cells, to solid tumors. While CAR T cells are vital to helping the body’s immune system recognize cancer cells as a threat, solid tumors possess immunosuppressive microenvironments that act as barriers, preventing the CAR T cells from entering and doing their job. By infecting solid tumors, Vaxinia can deliver the CAR T cells to this environment and help the immune system tackle cancer the way it’s supposed to—all while proactively killing off cancer cells along the way.
“Our City of Hope team designed this CF33 oncolytic virus to do what it does so well. It enters the cancer cell, uses the cell’s own machinery to replicate itself, and engineers the cancer cells to express the well-known CAR T cell target, CD19,” City of Hope’s professor of surgical oncology Dr. Yuman Fong said in a statement.

City of Hope has been working with biotechnology company Imugene Limited to develop Vaxinia since late 2020. While the two organizations have tested Vaxinia in mice, they haven’t witnessed how the virus performs in the human body—that is, until now. The first human trial began last month and will last through the end of 2024.
A total of 100 participants will receive treatment through the Phase I trial. Though all of them will receive Vaxinia on the first and eighth days of the first portion of the trial, some will receive it via IV, while the rest will receive direct tumor injections. Additionally, some participants will undergo what’s referred to as “combined” treatment using a drug called pembrolizumab, which has historically been used to treat specific types of cancers.
The trial will help calibrate the ideal dosage for adult patients and determine whether Vaxinia is safe for human use. If the trial is successful, Vaxinia could be brought to larger participant groups—and even everyday healthcare settings—in the future.
Continue reading

Space Mining Gets 400 Percent Boost From Bacteria, ISS Experiments Show
We'll need lots of raw materials to sustain human endeavors on other planets, and a new project on the International Space Station demonstrates how we can make space mining over 400 percent more efficient.

Fermilab Experiment Hints at New Fundamental Force of Nature
The team working on Fermilab's Muon g−2 experiment has reported a tantalizing hint of a new type of physics. If confirmed, this would become the fifth fundamental force in the universe.

SpaceX Cargo Ship Delivers Fruit, Girl Scout Experiments to the ISS
On Sunday SpaceX used its own Falcon 9 rocket to send a Dragon cargo ship to the International Space Station.

Scientists Create ‘Coldest Temperature Ever’ by Dropping Experiment From a Building
As far as we can tell from modern science, there's no upper limit to temperature. There sure is a lower limit, though. We call that absolute zero, measured as -273.15 °C (-459.67 °F). Scientists have yet to reach that limit in any experiment, but they're getting close. A team of physicists in Germany has gotten closer than ever before, reaching a temperature of 38 trillionths of a degree from absolute zero.