New X-Ray Technique Could Help Detect Explosives, Tumors

Researchers from the United Kingdom’s University College London (UCL) recognized that X-ray security systems, though good at detecting shapes, weren’t so great at recognizing textures. Identifying textural abnormalities could be the key to locating explosives and other harmful items—especially those hidden away within larger objects. So they set about devising a system that could be paired with existing equipment to detect concerning textures.

Physically, this consisted of “masks,” or sheets of metal with tiny holes punched through them. These served to separate X-ray beams into smaller beamlets, which scattered at incredibly tight angles (as small as a microradian, or about one 20,000th of a degree). This resulted in a more defined image: a flat, dark image became sharp and nearly three-dimensional. The researchers then created an algorithm that could analyze the scattering. These scatter patterns would be used to recognize the textures of different materials.

Once the deep-learning algorithm had been trained, the X-ray machine’s level of accuracy was astounding. The researchers placed explosives like C4 and Semtex into travel bag replicas containing toothbrushes, phone chargers, and other basic objects. They also tucked the explosives into devices like laptops, phones, and hair dryers. Thanks to the system’s ability to detect textures within other textures, it was able to detect the explosives with 100 percent accuracy, according to a paper published last week in Nature Communications. Dangerous substances were visible under the new system’s watchful eye, while those same substances quite literally slipped under the old system’s radar.

Airports aren’t the only setting that might benefit from this system. Though the researchers haven’t yet tested the rigged X-ray’s ability to detect tumors within healthy tissue, they believe the system might someday be useful for early cancer screening. One such use case might involve detecting small tumors hidden behind a person’s ribs. Architects might even be able to alter the system to detect rust and cracks in buildings.

Given the X-ray’s 100 percent success rate under test conditions, the UCL researchers are interested in trying out their system in real-life settings—or at least lab environments that imitate real life more closely.

Continue reading

Review: The Oculus Quest 2 Could Be the Tipping Point for VR Mass Adoption

The Oculus Quest 2 is now available, and it's an improvement over the original in every way that matters. And yet, it's $100 less expensive than the last release. Having spent some time with the Quest 2, I believe we might look back on it as the headset that finally made VR accessible to mainstream consumers.

Samsung, Stanford Built a 10,000 PPI Display That Could Revolutionize VR, AR

Ask anyone who has spent more than a few minutes inside a VR headset, and they'll mention the screen door effect. This could eliminate it for good.

NASA: Asteroid Could Still Hit Earth in 2068

This skyscraper-sized asteroid might still hit Earth in 2068, according to a new analysis from the University of Hawaii and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Google Kills Free Photo Storage, Changes What Counts Toward Storage Caps

Google has announced some significant changes to Photos, especially if you use the service for automatic backup.